Labs:
1. Title, Question, Hypothesis, Materials, Procedure, Data Collection
2. Analysis: The data show that as ____ increased, the ____ increased/decreased/stayed the same).
3. Conclusion: The data show that our hypothesis was/was not supported, ___.
4. Further Questions: In working on this lab, I wondered what would happen if we ____.
5. Replication: Things that might be improved about the lab include ___.
Criteria: Your machine MUST accomplish a certain task: Store potential energy.
Constraints: Your team MUST follow certain restrictions: Use ALL the pieces.
Energy: Kinetic and Potential
• Energy is the ability to cause __________.
• Anytime a change occurs, energy is __________ from one object to another.
• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its __________.
• Kinetic energy depends on two factors: SPEED and __________
• Speed: the __________ an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has
• Mass: Kinetic energy __________ as the mass of the object increases. (More mass = more kinetic energy)
• Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its __________.
• Potential energy depends on two factors: HEIGHT and __________
• Height: greater height = __________ potential energy
• Mass: __________ mass = more potential energy
The Five Forms of Energy
• Thermal energy is the total __________ energy of the particles in something
All objects have thermal energy that increases as its __________ increases.
All objects have thermal energy that increases as its __________ increases.
• Chemical energy is the energy stored in __________ bonds.
When chemicals bonds are broken apart, __________ is released.
When chemicals bonds are broken apart, __________ is released.
• Radiant Energy: the energy carried by __________
When the light is absorbed by an object, the object can become __________
When the light is absorbed by an object, the object can become __________
• __________ energy: The electric current that comes out of batteries and wall sockets
• __________ energy: energy in the nucleus of an atom can be transformed into other forms of energy.
Conduction
• The __________ energy is passing from the wall outlet to the hot plate.
• The hot coils are __________ the crucible, which is touching the wax, melting it.
• The heat from the hot plate is __________ in the air.
• the fire heats __________of the skewer
• eventually the end we are holding will become too hot
• Heat was transferred from the flames to the metal, and then from __________ in the skewer via __________ until it reached your hand.
• Not all objects are good __________ of heat.
• the stick may have caught fire
• wood is a very __________ heat conductor
• Heat can be __________ from one object to another, or from one molecule to another, through the process of conduction.
• As one molecule is heated it begins to __________rapidly.
• As it does so, it passes some of its heat energy to other __________ around it.
• Through this process, all the molecules of an object pass heat from one to another, until they are all hot.
Convection
• Convection is based on the principle that heat __________ and cold __________
• When objects are __________, they rise. When hot objects __________, they sink again.
• The cycle caused by hot items rising, cooling, then sinking, is called __________.
• Convection is important in many areas of our lives: convection from a radiator; convection from an air conditioner; convection in an oven; convection inside the earth (causing volcanoes).
States of Matter
• puddles on the sidewalk: __________
• ice in a glass: __________
• The molecules in a __________ move around, sort of jiggling. They can’t really break out of their form because they have little __________ energy.
• The molecules in a __________ move around, bouncing against each other. They are only limited by taking the shape the container they are in. They have more kinetic energy than a __________.
• The molecules in a __________ move around a lot, bouncing against each other quickly and often. They aren’t limited to the container they are in: they will fill ANY space they can. They have a lot of __________ energy.
• The molecules of a substance can
gain | or | lose kinetic energy, |
causing the molecules to move around more | or | move around less, |
if heat is applied | or | if heat is removed. |
• Liquid to __________: evaporating: Heat is applied: If the molecules of a liquid speed up and move around much more, the substance can become a gas; example: water vapor
• __________ to Gas: sublimation: Heat is applied: If the molecules of a solid speed up VERY QUICKLY, the substance can become a gas; example: dry ice
• Solid to __________: melting; Heat is applied: If the molecules of a solid speed up and move around some more, the substance can become a liquid; example: water from ice.
• __________ to Liquid: condensing; Heat is removed: If the molecules of a gas slow down and move around less, the substance can become a liquid: condensing; example: water from vapor
• Liquid to __________: freezing; Heat is removed: If the molecules of a liquid slow down and move around less, the substance can become a sold; example: ice from water.
• __________ to Solid: deposition; Heat is removed: If the molecules of a liquid slow down and move around less VERY QUICKLY, the substance can become a solid: example: snow from water vapor.
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